Stress and cortisol
The stress response begins in the brain.
This information is immediately transmitted to a part of the brain that processes emotions.
When the brain perceives a stressful situation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is immediately activated and releases cortisol, which prepares the body for action.
An imbalance in cortisol levels can lead to a number of problems:
- Weight gain and unhealthy food cravings
- Inflammation in the body
- Weakened immune system
- Insomnia and chronic fatigue
- Emotional instability
- Poor digestion
The circadian cycle of cortisol is divided into three phases:
- Morning: when cortisol levels are at their highest. This helps us get out of bed and tackle new challenges with plenty of energy.
- Afternoon: Levels begin to drop slowly, so we may notice that our concentration and energy levels decrease. The body begins to prepare for rest.
- Evening: Cortisol levels drop, which activates melatonin and initiates regeneration. Low cortisol levels are very important because they allow the parasympathetic nervous system to be activated.
To keep cortisol levels under control and in balance, it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, exercise, and breathing and relaxation techniques.